Ergonomic Risk Assessment in Elementary School Students in Baja California, Mexico. An Analysis as First Step

Authors

  • Carlos Raúl Navarro González Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
  • Juan Gabriel López Hernández Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 146, San Quintín Baja California Mexico
  • José Manuel Espinoza Becerra Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 146, San Quintín Baja California Mexico
  • Karla Isamar Bojórquez Guzmán Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 146, San Quintín Baja California Mexico
  • Yuridiana Alejandrina Diarte Valdez (Directora) Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Centro Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 307, San Quintín Baja California Mexico
  • Ángel Antonio Colorado Rodríguez Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Valle Las Palmas, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • Martín Humberto Llamas Haro Departamento de Posgrado, Universidad Vasconcelos, Campus Río, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • Víctor Hugo Guevara Ortega (Coordinador) Departamento de Ciencias Avanzadas, Universidad Vasconcelos, Campus Murua, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • Gustavo López Badilla Departamento de Ciencias Avanzadas, Universidad Vasconcelos, Campus Murua, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • José Luis Ruvalcaba Rivera Departamento de Ciencias Avanzadas, Universidad Vasconcelos, Campus Murua, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • Armando Ricalde Moreno Departamento de Ciencias Avanzadas, Universidad Vasconcelos, Campus Murua, Tijuana, Baja California Mexico
  • África CasillasHiguera Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, Baja California, México
  • Brenda Luz Rodríguez Gerardo Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, CETIS 75, Leona Vicario, Mexicali, Baja California, México
  • María Guadalupe Gaspar Contreras Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, CETIS 75, Leona Vicario, Mexicali, Baja California, México
  • Elsie Adelina Antonio Miranda Departamento de Contabilidad y Administración, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana, California, México
  • Lesllie Viridiana Pérez García Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Instituto Metropolitano de Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, México

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18776644

Keywords:

Education, ergonomics, elementary school, discomfort and muscle pain

Abstract

This study evaluates one of the relevant factors in ergonomics: the postural habits of elementary school children who sometimes perform school activities in uncomfortable positions and carry heavy backpacks. The assessment was conducted in ten elementary schools (seven public and three private). It was observed that in all the participating schools, students experienced discomfort and muscle pain in their upper back over a three-month period. This was attributed to the heavy weight of their backpacks, poor posture at their desks in the classroom, and participation in recreational and sports activities outside the classroom. The study was conducted from January to December 2019.

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Published

2026-02-25

How to Cite

Carlos Raúl Navarro González, Juan Gabriel López Hernández, José Manuel Espinoza Becerra, Karla Isamar Bojórquez Guzmán, Yuridiana Alejandrina Diarte Valdez (Directora), Ángel Antonio Colorado Rodríguez, Martín Humberto Llamas Haro, Víctor Hugo Guevara Ortega (Coordinador), Gustavo López Badilla, José Luis Ruvalcaba Rivera, Armando Ricalde Moreno, África CasillasHiguera, Brenda Luz Rodríguez Gerardo, María Guadalupe Gaspar Contreras, Elsie Adelina Antonio Miranda, & Lesllie Viridiana Pérez García. (2026). Ergonomic Risk Assessment in Elementary School Students in Baja California, Mexico. An Analysis as First Step. Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication, 4(1), 92–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18776644

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): PUIRP

Section

Articles